The Problem Of Drugs And Drugs - 1471 Words

Jared Lopez Ms. Gladstone American Literature 3 5/21/15 I m Not Addicted, Says Every Addict Drugs are substances that can alter a person’s physical or mental state. Drugs have the ability to speed up or slow down a person’s central nervous system, cause hallucinations, and most importantly, relieve stress. There are prescription drugs that are used by people with medical conditions, but there are also others who abuse illegal drugs or prescription drugs despite the health problems that come with it. Addicts constantly deny their addiction and claim that they can stop whenever they choose, and others will even tell themselves that it is necessary to take the drugs for their own make-believe medical conditions. However, drugs and alcohol†¦show more content†¦Based on this information gathered, it is easily identifiable that drugs are exposed to everyone including young Americans and not only adults. Drugs are introduced to people of all ages for several reasons, with media being the major source. Although the advertis ement of tobacco in American television and radio is now banned, there are still countless amount of advertisements for alcohol and pain-relieving drugs today. Even if illegal drugs such as marijuana and cocaine are not advertised, many television shows and movies have multiple scenes that show the characters abusing drugs and enjoying its effects. People are more susceptible to taking drugs because of the constant exposure to media portraying that drugs and alcohol are enjoyable and will relieve stress from the problems that they might have. In the book A Streetcar Named Desire, alcohol was consumed as a way to forget about reality and escape. Blanche DuBois, a main character of this novel, constantly drank alcohol because she believed that it temporarily solved her problems whenever she felt stressed or depressed. Blanche drank frequently even though during that time, the 1940s, it was looked down upon for women to drink alcohol habitually. â€Å"Now don’t get worried, yo ur sister hasn’t turned into a drunkard, she’s just all shaken up and hot and tired† (Williams 19). This scene from the book was when Blanche was refusing the alcohol that Stella was offering to

Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad - 1600 Words

Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad â€Å"I freed thousands of slaves, and could have freed thousands more, if they had known they were slaves.† (History.com) This Harriet Tubman quote is a great representation of the kind of person she was. Harriet Tubman was a great woman, not only did she escape slavery; she went back several times to save more people. She conducted the Underground Railroad and did great things that have changed our history in one of its darkest times in our history. Being a slave was not easy but that didn’t stop her. Becoming a slave was terrible; someone was either born a slave or kidnapped. When slavery first started, white Europeans went into Africa and kidnapped African Americans. As the years went on this†¦show more content†¦On a signal the buyers would burst into a yard, and grab the best slaves. Fights would occur between the buyers. Once the slaves were brought to their new home they were put right to work. Slaves did all sorts of tasks such as heavy labor, farm work, cleaning, cooking, construction, animal tending. Basically a slave did everything the owner didn’t want to do. If the slave refused to work or weren’t working hard enough they would be whipped. Farm work was probably one of the harder jobs for a slave. It wasn’t that the work was difficult, but they would have to stay out in the sun all day, picking the cotton, or sugar cane. As the plantations got bigger and bigger they needed more slaves to do the work. This meant more slaves went through the wretched slave trade. By 1860, there were 4 million slaves in the U.S, some 60% of whom worked in cotton (pbs.org). These field slaves would have cuts on their hands from the dried bristles; their back would ache being bent down all day. This was a very tedious task, but not a hard one. Sometimes the only thing that got these slaves through the day was song, rhythm, and dance. On the plantation the slaves were provided small housing. Each hut was cramped and sometimes held ten people. They had little furniture, and the beds were usually made of rags and straw. Weekly food ration were distributed every Saturday including: corn meal, lard, some meat, molasses, peas, greens, and flour. Each day theShow MoreRelatedHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1510 Words   |  7 PagesThis memoir covers the life of Harriet Tubman who was a slave known for her extraordinary chip away at the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman was conceived in Dorchester County, Maryland on March, 1822. This novel discusses how Harriet Tubman had the capacity escape bondage in the south in the year of 1849 and looked for some kind of employment in the north. Particularly in Philadelphia, where she worked in inns to raise enough cash to bolster her needs. She would then migrate to Canada and inRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1695 Words   |  7 PagesHarriet T ubman’s success in freeing hundreds of slaves through the Underground Railroad is recognized throughout the world. As an escaped slave herself, she still traveled to the southern states many times to free other slaves. A normal fugitive slave would not put themselves in danger and risk imprisonment, but Harriet Tubman did. Although Harriet Tubman is very popular and every school teaches her life story, not many realize that she had a spy ring and had enormous influence on the Union duringRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1422 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Tubman The Underground Railroad was a system set up to help escaping slaves safely survive their trip to the north. Harriet Tubman was a leader and one of the best conductors on the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman made a total of 19 trips into slave holding states freeing around a total of 300 slaves. Huckleberry Fin was written by Mark Twain, Jim one of the main characters was an escaped slave. Harriet Tubman played a significant role in liberating slaves as she worked as a conductorRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad832 Words   |  4 PagesHarriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman was like a conductor on a train. Running the underground railroad to free innocent slaves from certain neglect. What do people think when they hear the name Harriet Tubman. some might think of her as a dirty black others might call her a hero, or moses. Harriet Tubman was a very brave, and courageous woman. In this paper we will explore the childhood, life of slavery, and how she came to be known as the women called moses. Araminta wasRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1097 Words   |  5 PagesEssay) Harriet Tubman was born Araminta Ross in 1822 in Dorchester, Maryland. She was born a slave and would be, until she ran away in 1849. After she ran away she did many great deeds, but how do you define greatness. Based off the length of time, risk, and number of people helped, there is a clear outline for greatness. Harriet Tubman had many great achievements throughout her life. She was a spy, a nurse, and a caregiver. However her greatest achievement was working in the Underground Railroad. OneRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1416 Words   |  6 Pagesabolitionists such as Harriet Tubman did much to ameliorate, and later, abolish slavery. Harriet was a strong and courageous woman and a well-known conductor of the Underground Railroads, around the 1850s. Harriet Tubman personal experiences throughout her life have shaped her to become the stout-hearted woman who helped many slaves escape to freedom, by using the Underground Railroad—a network of secret routes. As described in the novel â€Å"In their own words: Harriet Tubman,† Sullivan introducesRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1279 Words   |  6 PagesBefore Harriet Tubman became a vocal point in the Underground Railroad she grew up a slave. Harriet Tubman was born in Dorchester County, Maryland in 1820. Tubman’s original name was really Araminta Ross and was usually called by her nickname â€Å"Minty†. Tubman would experience the life of slavery very quickly as she was hired to take care of an infant. She was far too young to handle the duties of housework and would be abused multiple times. Her first real incident happened when the child she wasRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1965 Words   |  8 PagesMexico and Utah territories. What was benefited from the Underground Railroad? The underground railroad was to free African Americans and white protesters established a secret system of people who would risk themselves and hide fleeting slaves. The escape routes were called the Underground Railroad. Who was Harriet Tubman and what did he do? Harriet Tubman was one a famous conductor who was born into being a slave in Maryland. Tubman thought she was being sold when her owner passed away and decidedRead MoreHarriet Tubman And Underground Railroad Essay1874 Words   |  8 PagesThe Underground Railroad began in the 1780s while Harriet Tubman was born six decades later in antebellum America. The Underground Railroad was successful in its quest to free slaves; it even made the South pass two acts in a vain attempt to stop its tracks. Then, Harriet Tubman, an African-American with an incredulous conviction to lead her people to the light, joins the Underground Railroad’s cause becoming one of the leading conductors in the railroad. The Underground Railroad and Harriet TubmanRead MoreHarriet Tubman: The Underground Railroad Conductor1286 Words   |  5 PagesHarriet Tubman: The Underground Railroad Conductor The American dream and racialization are certainly some of the most intriguing concepts both in the historical and contemporary American attitude. They represent an embodiment of struggles, pain, hope, and optimism. American history has both in the ancient and present circulated around the subjects of hope and optimism, regardless the circumstances. Numerous accounts of magnificent and iconic historical features surface in this unfolding of events

Meaning of the term secular Free Essays

In addition to this, the essay will address the debate of Indian’s secularity. A brief history of Religion will be addressed, with reference to the work of E. B. We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning of the term secular or any similar topic only for you Order Now Taylor, Emilee Druthers and Karl Marx. Some other questions which will be answered are why do sociologists study Religion’, What role does Religion Play in the society’, and ‘How does religion work to maintain solidarity among members of a society. ‘†Religion has convinced people that there’s an Invisible man living In the sky. Who watches everything you do every minute of every day. And the Invisible man has a list will send you to a special place, of burning and fire and smoke and torture and anguish for you to live forever, and suffer, and suffer, and burn, and scream, until the end of time† (Carline, n. D. ). Hardball’s and Healed, in Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, have explicitly stated that supernatural beliefs exist in all societies, including the primitive societies. Robertson states that religion â€Å"refers to the existence of supernatural beings which have a governing effect on life. This definition takes into account the fact that religion is not only a belief in the existence of supernatural elements, but also that these elements exert some degree of control over the lives of the people. The nineteenth century saw a rise in the study of religion as scholars began to question the origin and evolution of the same. Sociologists drew analogies based on Darning’s Evolutionary Theory – they tried to trace the evolution of society and social institutions. Focusing on the work done by E. B. Taylor, the theory of Animism was an important contribution to the study of religion. Taylor believed that animism was the earliest form of religion. It refers to the belief in spirits. According to him, in order to make sense of events such as life after death or the composition of dreams, early philosophers conjured up the idea of the soul. The soul, in simple words, is a spirit which is present in the body and gives it life. Once the idea of spirits was invented, it was applied not Just to man, but also animals and man-made objects. Thus â€Å"religion, in the form of animism, originated to satisfy man’s intellectual nature, to meet his need to make sense of death, dreams and visions. † (Hardball’s, Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, 1981) Sacred and Profane are two terms presented by Emilee Druthers in The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, and are the most instrumental elucidation of religion from a functional perspective. He stated that all societies divide the world into two disagrees, biz. , sacred and profane, and that religion is based upon this division (Hardball’s, Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, 1981). Sacred refers to everything that is considered ‘Holy’ by the people of the society. All sacred elements are treated with respect and are revered. The sacred element is a symbol- it is representative of something. However, the term sacred does not only apply to supernatural elements such as God or Angels. The term encompasses all elements in the society, tangible or non-tangible, that are considered holy. Thus a tree, rock, stone, etc. , may be considered sacred by a certain group of people. Profane covers all the elements of the society which, in simple terms, are not considered holy. This distinction formed the basis for Deuterium’s analysis of religion. Based on his studies on Australian tribes, he developed the term totemic. He regards totemic as the most basic form of religion. A totem is a symbol, usually an animal or a plant, which is sacred to the tribe. For instance, in tribal India, the Gongs have a goat clan whose members look upon the goat as their totem because a goat which had been pilfered by their ancestors for sacrifice turned into a pig when the theft was discovered and thus paved the thieves from punishment. Like all functionalists, Druthers argued that social life would be impossible without the presence of shared values and beliefs which form the ‘collective conscience’. This implied that without a collective conscience there would be chaos in the society. He thus stated that religion Religion has been defined with reference to the sacred rather than God because this makes social comparison easier. For instance, certain sects of Buddhism do not engage in a belief in God (Scott Marshall, 1994). A contrasting view is observed in the Marxist theory. Karl Marx, the founder of the unionism, blatantly stated that religion is a farce- merely a crutch for the people, who look towards it to find inner peace and solace. He took this a step further and said that religion adds to the development of a false consciousness among the worker class, giving them the strength to cope with their exploitation, in hope of gaining a fruitful life after death, as a reward for their suffering. So, the workers view their exploitation as a natural order of life, and do not challenge their masters. Thus Marx called religion the ‘opium of the masses’, holding it responsible for the exploitation of the workers by the capitalists. Various theories have been presented in order to understand religion better. The theories discussed above are only basics of the sociology of religion. The study of religion dates back to over a century, and there have been innumerable contributions to the field. The analysis of religion is a difficult and complex one, it requires increased knowledge of various social phenomena. In addition to this, I must emphasize on the necessity of subjectivity and neutrality in the study of religion. A researcher must not be biased against the particular religion or religions he/she is tidying. The researcher should assume a neutral attitude towards the research subject because his personal biases may affect the results and his conclusions. Therefore, it is important to note that sociologists study religion to understand how it affects the functioning of society, and not to prove or disprove any of the doctrines. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Going back in history, to the Vivid period in India, Hinduism is considered to be the oldest religion which originated in northern India. Hinduism was the predominant religion during ancient India, and is responsible for shaping most of the classical and odder culture of India. Through the course of time, India faced a number of invasions from different directions, which consequently brought new and different cultures to India. These cultures consisted of different forms of art and literature, architecture, and especially religion. Every successful invasion of India brought along a wave of immigrants who, over a period of time, were accepted into the Indian society. This acceptance of different cultures led to extravagant changes in the Indian way of life. India is often regarded as the religiously most diverse nation to exist in the world. Contributing to around 17. 5% of the world’s population(Census, 2011), India is home to a number of religions like Hinduism, Islam and Christianity, to name a few. In fact, some of the major World Religions, like Jansenism and Buddhism, originated in India. The East India Company was instrumental in the rise of Christianity in India. Initially, the Company’s government did not allow Christian missionaries to operate in the nation, however, this ban was lifted according to the Charter Act of 1813 – the licensed missionaries were allowed to operate. This Act further assisted the spread of Christianity throughout India. Tate, India has seen the growth and development of major religions over the past decades. As discussed earlier, the countless number of invasions introduced new religions into India. Major religions such as Islam, Judaism and Christianity were propagated in this way. Statistics indicate the Hinduism is the third-largest religious community in the world after Christianity and Islam (PIT, 2012). Narrowing the field down to India, Hinduism is the religion of the majority, and Christianity and Islam constitute the largest minority religions in the nation. According to the Census of India, 2001, of the total population 80. % are Hindus while Muslims comprise 13. 4 % and Christians 2. 3 % respectively. Roughly 828 million are Hindus while Muslims are approximately 138 million out of Indian’s total population of about 1,029 million. Sikhs account for 1. Per cent of the total population. The share of Buddhists, Gains and other religions are 0. 8 %, 0. 4 % and 0. 6 % respectively (Sensualist, 2011). While writing the article Why India is not a secular state’, Omar Khalid’s’, reinforces his argument that India is not a secular state in totality. The Oxford English Dictionary defines secular as something that is ‘ not conne cted with religious or spiritual matters’. So a secular state would imply a separation or distinction of the state from all religious matters. All affairs of the state would be carried out without any religious interference. This means that the state or government should not promote any religious groups or organizations. In this context, the constitution makers of India incorporated the word secular in the Constitution, but there have been innumerable arguments on whether ‘secular’ is Just a word on paper, or whether secularism has actually been applied and adopted as a practice in India. Khalid’s’ has highlighted five areas where secularism has failed to come up to its expectations. As per the constitution, â€Å"Hindus shall be construed as including a reference to persons professing the Sikh, Gain or Buddhist religion† (India C. O. , 1949). The Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 applies,- (a) to any person who is a Hindu by religion in any of its forms or developments, including a Irishman, a Eliminating or a follower of the Brahms, Parthian or Array Assam; (b) to any person who is a Buddhist, Gain or Sikh by religion, and (c) to any other person domiciled in the territories to which this Act extends who is onto Muslim, Christian, Paris or Jew by religion, unless it is proved that any such errors would not have been governed by the Hindu law or by any custom or usage as part of that law in respect of any of the matters dealt with herein if this Act had not been passed. Act 25 of 1955) This means that officially there is no such thing as a Buddhist, Gain, or Sikh marriage, which is an additional endeavor to refuse other religions an idiosyncratic identity and absorb them into the Hindu category. The Office of the Registrar General that conducts the decennial census enumerates anyone who is not a Christian, Muslim or Paris as Hin du. (Khalid’s, 2009) The freedom of religion is granted under Article 25 (1), of the Constitution. However, a Since then approximately seven state legislatures have agreed upon laws strictly putting a ceiling on conversions from Hinduism to other religions while aiding conversions to Hinduism. Christianity has been under constant fire for a long time now. These challenges that Christianity is faced with will be discussed in course of this essay. Thus we see certain legislative discriminations based on religion. Another area discussed by Khalid’s is the Employment sector. He says that Article 16 (2) of the constitution prohibits discrimination in public employment based on religion, but there have been innumerable cases of discrimination. In a classic example where the Hindu culture has been infused in the Indian culture, the ban on beef took away the means of livelihood of a multitude of butchers and also the cheapest source of proteins for the poor. Agreed, the cow is sacred to the upper class Hindus, but this is not true for the Christians, Dalais and other groups. So we see another case of discrimination within the culture with a religious basis. India witnessed multiple massacres which were supported by the state, biz. , of Sikhs in 1984 and of Muslims in 2002. In both cases, the individuals in the highest position of the Executive branch of he government Justified the riots, namely, Rajah Gandhi after the assassination of his mother, and Neared Mood after the train was attacked in Godard killing 58 people. It is true that the plasticization of religion has been occurring, and innumerable legislations have been affected by this. Various political parties in India have been affiliated with different religions. Former Maharajah’s Governor and Member of Parliament P C Alexander observed that plasticization of religion, caste and fragmentation of our society were posing a threat to national integration (NUN, 2007). Taking into consideration the fact that political parties have been flaunting their own religions, it is possible to say that these religious promotions by politicians have an adverse effect because they are indirectly encouraging communism. Followers of different parties may turn against each other and this may lead to communal riots. Khalid’s hard-hitting observations were concluded with a final note- â€Å"For all these five reasons, India is not a secular state. It is in fact the defender of Hindu dharma. † (Khalid’s, 2009) Turning the spotlight on Christianity in India, the first attempt to introduce the elision was seen when SST. Thomas visited India and was brought to the court of Gunpersons. As Stephen Neil has elucidated in A History of Christianity in India, Thomas was initially rejected and he later went on to South India, where he was successful in baptizing the higher class people. Neil has mentioned that Thomas first visited Monolayer on the Accordance Coast, and came across thirty-two village communities. It is notable that he concentrated on converting the higher castes first because the lower castes were bound to follow whatever the high castes indulged in. When the Portuguese arrived in India, they found that the Thomas tradition had been widely accepted. Francis Xavier arrived at Ago to find it almost a Christian settlement, with seven churches and a set of clergy men. Stephen Neil has provided fitting geographical and statistical evidence to help analyze the arrival of Christianity in India. The following decades witnessed the colonization of India by the British. The However, conversions were not the only function these missionaries performed. Many reputable and important schools, colleges, hospitals and so on, were established with the help of the missionaries in India. Neil, 1984) The people of India also seemed to be accepting the Christian faith openly because it gave them a chance to escape the complex rituals that their original faith demanded. In totality, Christianity was being accepted, although forced conversions were still taking place. The post colonial period witnessed great growth of a number of religions, especially Christianity. The decision to name India a secular country encouraged this growth. Christian converts could rest assured that they would be safe in India. So, over the years Christianity kept on growing steadily, and today, it has established itself as one f the largest minority religions in India, although, the question that arises is, has Christianity really been completely assimilated with the Indian society. RESEARCH METHOD Taking on a rather rudimentary form of investigation, I have collected information based on interviews with individuals. The main questions I asked them were: 1. Their views on acceptance of Christianity in India 2. Their personal understanding of the term ‘Secular’ 3. Whether they think that India is a secular state in practice 4. What according to them are some of the challenges faced by Christianity A total of 45 people were interviewed, individually, and in groups. The questions were posed formally, but responses were more or less informal, and based on the ensuing discussions, I have formulated an average of their opinions and reached certain conclusions. AAA majority of the sample was not completely aware of the meaning of the term secular. On being given the actual meaning and definition of the term, 57% of the people stated that India does not seem to be a secular country. 36% said that they thought India was indeed a secular state, and the remaining 7% did not have an opinion. Now, based on some preliminary research, I have concluded that Christianity s a religion has undergone a number of phases of maturity and is developing from a fledgling to a fully grown bird. However it is facing a number of challenges which is hindering this development. A majority of the sample referred to the persecution and arrests of Christians in Arioso and Kashmir as basis for their above view. People have seen this as a manifestation of the insecurity faced by Hinduism. The increasing speed at which people are converting to Christianity is alarming for the devout Hindus, and that is why they are resorting to extreme means such as these. As far as he assimilation of foreign religions into mainstream Indian life goes, Christianity has done pretty well, although, there has always been the case of forced conversions. However, it is important to note that Christian missionaries have contributed to the development of society in a number of ways. The benefits that these missionaries bestow upon the nation cannot be denied. It is, after all, a part of their way of life to take care of people. Studies have also indicated that missionaries have played a role in combating various cases of substance abuse. Moving to the secularity of India, I house of parliament, Meter Kumar. At a large gathering at the prestigious Cambridge University in England she said, † there is no room for religious politics in the world’s largest democracy. How to cite Meaning of the term secular, Papers

Competitive Capability for Strategic Alliances †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Capability for Strategic Alliances. Answer: Introduction Culture is considered as one of an important determinant of ones personal background. Making practical usage of intellect for responding to the surrounding events reflects the cultural intelligence of the individuals. Capability of the individuals in making this usage enhances their personality, setting a positive image in the minds of the neighbors, peers and relatives (Groves, Feyerherm Gu, 2015). At some point of time, the people are exposed to some circumstances, where they fail to expose their cultural intelligence. Herein lays the importance of safer spaces, which assures the individuals regarding their safety, security and privacy. This assurance enables the individuals to expose their cultural intelligence without the hesitation of being deceived (Ang Dyne, 2015). This report attempts to enhance the clarity of the readers in terms of the dynamics of cultural intelligence, through the means of video presentation. Culture includes both the positive and the negative connotations. Positive aspect includes the cultural diversity, which reflects the presence of employees in a workplace from different socio-cultural background. Along with this, one of the other examples of cultural diversity includes partnership working among the employees. However, instances of conflicts, discriminations and harassments destroy the positivity of culture. As a matter of specification, this negativity snatches the job security from the employees (Yitmen, 2013). This deprivation creates hesitation among the employees regarding the efficient execution of the allocated roles and responsibilities. Apart from this, this deprivation makes the employees feel inferior within the workplace environment. Herein, the safety, security and privacy of the jobs are nullified. Taking into consideration the workplace scenario of Fawlty Towers expands the scope and arena of this report. Moreover, analysis of the workplace issues through the means of real life examples helps the businesspersons to relate with the issues, which they encounter in the process of executing the business activities. BBC program reference makes the production of this report authentic, which reduces the chances of plagiarism and collusion (Youtube.com, 2017). The assignment refers to the video named Handing complaints 2, series 1. This program has been aired in BBC. The video has been uploaded in YouTube, which has 385, 947 views. The video is the second series, where the setting is the workplace of Fawlty Towers. The scene depicts the entrance of one of the visitors in the hotel and the manager has arranged for a car, so that he can have a quality time (Youtube.com, 2017). The visitor is happy with the cheque payment and finally bids farewell. Meanwhile, the manager order one of the staffs to clean the room for the guest. On the other hand, the manager would look into repairing the defective cheque payment. The video also shows the transaction between a guest and a taxi driver regarding paying back the accurate change. Here, the polite nature of the taxi driver in terms of telling the actual address of hotel is noteworthy in terms of the stable relationship between the customers and the employees. The video also shows the misunderstandin g between the manager and one of the guest regarding giving a wrong room (Youtube.com, 2017). From the video, communication between the employees, management and the guests can be reflected. This triangular relationship is the story of all the workplace, where the managers levy orders and the employees are bound to follow these orders and instructions. At the entrance of the guest in the hotel room, the manager could have said that the cheque acceptance is defective for some time and it is being looked after. This would have assured the guest regarding the conscious attitude of the personnel towards the needs of the customers (Youtube.com, 2017). Instead, after the guest leaves, the manager engages in repairing the cheque payment system after giving orders to one of the staffs to clean the room. This attitude contradicts the transparency, which is required for gaining the trust, dependence and loyalty of the customers. On the other hand, the conversation between the taxi driver and the guest is the example of the true essence of communication, which needs to be maintained bet ween the personnel and the customers (Dyne, Ang Tan, 2017). The interactions shown in the video also reflects the conglomeration of employees and managers from different socio-cultural backgrounds. The body language of the hotel managers seems inappropriate in terms of creating a positive image in the minds of the customers (Youtube.com, 2017). The theme of the video is workplace communication. Instead of the machine environment of the companies and organizations, the setting is a hotel for the first few minutes. This setting can have several connotations-positive and negative. The segments of the section can be related to the aspect of ensuring the wellbeing of the customers. This is because the personnel of different segments entertain the queries of the guests in the hotel (Groves, Feyerherm Gu, 2015). These segments can be considered safer, provided the personnel make practical usage of the learnt skills and abilities. In the later part of the video, the setting changes to outside, where the taxi driver interacts with the guest who intends to visit the hotel (Youtube.com, 2017). In the video, the body language of the personnel seems inappropriate in terms of their maturity needed in the workplace. However, there are exceptions. The front office manager talks over the phone as the video begins. This telephonic conversation contradicts the aspect of face-to-face communications, where the person on the other end cannot see the reactions of the person on this end. This can generate misunderstandings, leading to negative results in the execution of the business activities. Apart from this, the scene, where the manager orders one of the employees to clean the room depicts a matured and professional attitude, which is expected from the managers (Youtube.com, 2017). Countering this, the instance of concealing the case of defective cheque payment system from the guest contradicts the inner essence of workplace body language. According to Holley Steiner, (2005), students need to be prepared for making effective penetration to the workplace. Countering this, the personnel, who are expected to expose rational behavior, fail, in spite of having received quality education and training. Herein, the inappropriateness of the body language, as shown by the personnel of Fawlty Towers attains great value. The word safe can be correlated with the prospective environment of training, which becomes insecure in terms of the workplace due to the instances of conflicts, harassments and discriminations. Training or coaching is the path to workplace for the students. Delving deep into the counter argument, similarity is excavated in terms of the teacher-student relationship and manager-employee relationship. The instructions levied by the teachers and the managers are common in both school and workplace (Holley Steiner, 2005). Communication attains an important position in the video. As the video begins, a lady front office manager is seen talking over the phone. This reflects one of the types of workplace communication. Telephonic conversation acts as an address for the queries possessed by the customers. The instance where the manager instructs the employee to clean the room aligns with the usual workplace communication between a manager and an employee. Obedience here is an important aspect in order to maintain the decorum of the internal environment of the workplace (Youtube.com, 2017). On the other hand, concealing the aspect of defective cheque payment destroys the transparency in the business activities. This adds a negative connotation to workplace communication. The polite and courteous attitude of the taxi driver turns the negativity into a positive one. Critical reflection of the video The hustle and bustle of the hotel is missing in the video. However, the sounds of the traffic affirm the location of the hotel. The entrance might not be like a five star hotel; however, the wooden nameplate of the hotel is enough for the guests to recognize. Providing options to the guests regarding the room preference reflects the conscious approach of the personnel of Fawlty Towers towards the wellbeing of the guests. On the other hand, the warm gesture of thank you enhances the stability in the relationship between the personnel and the customers (Youtube.com, 2017). In most of the cases, this reciprocation is missing, which generated misunderstandings, conflicts, discriminations and harassments. Communication over phone is backdated in terms of the modern means of communication. However, running in loss might have been one of the causes for not adopting latest and modern communication channels. Verbal communication between the manager and employee results in the achievement of easy understanding of the orders and instructions. Concealing the defective system destroys the stability in the relationship between the employees and the managers, leading to conflicts and misunderstandings (Youtube.com, 2017). Typical example of this is the instance where the manager engages the staff to clean the room for the guest, so that he can look into the repairment of the cheque payment. Countering this, it can also mean that the manager would make the cheque payment, keeping the staff busy. This enhances the safety, security and privacy of the managerial works. If the staff had revolted against the managers instruction, he would have been fired. This is the common practice adopted by the workplaces to punish the disobedient employees. This termination can also reflect the lack of understanding and oriental approach towards the performance of the employees. Herein, the post of the managers attains an interrogative parameter in terms of handling the business activities in an efficient and effective manner (Youtube.com, 2017). Personnel like the taxi drivers are an asset for the company. Polite and courteous behavior to the customers would help the company personnel to achieve large scale customer satisfaction. Along with this, it would also enhance the brand image of Fawlty Towers. Practical application of the learnt skills reflects the collaborated significance of cultural intelligence and capability of the personnel in terms of reaching to the benchmark level of performance. Recommendations Using social media would act as a technological advancement for Fawlty Towers. This would upgrade the network chain of the company. Uploading the news and images of the recently uploaded services on the websites and social networking sites would help the personnel to reach to large number of audiences (Bogilovi? kerlavaj, 2016). However, the stakeholders and shareholders need to be provided with the access to log into these websites. Within this, ensuring the security of the customers would be an important aspect. This could be done by installing security software in the profiles of the stakeholders. This access would help the guests to make online bookings, which would ease the process. The guests would just enter the hotels, complete the formalities and reach the booked rooms. Along with this, organizing training for the employees would help the personnel to enhance the productivity. This training would enhance the clarity of the employees regarding the basic ways and means to achieve customer satisfaction. Moreover, training would enhance their cultural intelligence, making them capable for generating customer-centric business. Herein lays the correlations of the reviews by Holley Steiner. This is because the managers need to provide safe and comfortable working environment for the employees, so that they an expose their hidden talents. Upgrading the standards and quality of the taxis and room accessories would helps the personnel of the hotel to achieve large-scale customer satisfaction. Here, the means of survey and feedback finds relevancy (Li, Mobley Kelly, 2013). Conclusion This assignment provides an insight into the aspect of cultural intelligence and capability from the business perspective. The video of Fawlty Towers is used as an example, which acts as a lesson for the businessperson in terms of exposing the appropriate attitude towards the customers. The recommendation of training is one of an efficient means, which can be used for invoking the intelligence of the employees. Along with this, taking post-training tests helps the managers to evaluate the capability of the employees to make practical application of the learnt skills and abilities for executing the allocated duties and responsibilities. References Adair, W. L., Hideg, I., Spence, J. R. (2013). The culturally intelligent team: The impact of team cultural intelligence and cultural heterogeneity on team shared values.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,44(6), 941-962. Ang, S., Van Dyne, L. (2015). Conceptualization of cultural intelligence: Definition, distinctiveness, and nomological network. InHandbook of cultural intelligence(pp. 21-33). Routledge. Bogilovi?, S., kerlavaj, M. (2016). Metacogonitive and motivational cultural intelligence: Superpowers for creativity an a culturally diverse environment.Economic and Business Review,18(1), 55-76. Bogilovi?, S., ?erne, M., kerlavaj, M. (2017). Hiding behind a mask? Cultural intelligence, knowledge hiding, and individual and team creativity.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 1-14. Chao, M. M., Takeuchi, R., Farh, J. L. (2017). Enhancing cultural intelligence: The roles of implicit culture beliefs and adjustment.Personnel Psychology,70(1), 257-292. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R., Shokef, E. (2013). Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), 330-355. Groves, K. S., Feyerherm, A., Gu, M. (2015). Examining cultural intelligence and cross-cultural negotiation effectiveness.Journal of Management Education,39(2), 209-243. Holley, L. C., Steiner, S. (2005). Safe space: Student perspectives on classroom environment.Journal of Social Work Education,41(1), 49-64. Jyoti, J., Kour, S. (2017). Factors affecting cultural intelligence and its impact on job performance: role of cross-cultural adjustment, experience and perceived social support.Personnel Review,46(4). Li, M., Mobley, W. H., Kelly, A. (2013). When do global leaders learn best to develop cultural intelligence? An investigation of the moderating role of experiential learning style.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(1), 32-50. Nouri, R., Erez, M., Rockstuhl, T., Ang, S., Leshem?Calif, L., Rafaeli, A. (2013). Taking the bite out of culture: The impact of task structure and task type on overcoming impediments to cross?cultural team performance.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(6), 739-763. ?ahin, F., Gurbuz, S., Kksal, O. (2014). Cultural intelligence (CQ) in action: The effects of personality and international assignment on the development of CQ.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,39, 152-163. Erez, M., Lisak, A., Harush, R., Glikson, E., Nouri, R., Shokef, E. (2013). Going global: Developing management students' cultural intelligence and global identity in culturally diverse virtual teams.Academy of Management Learning Education,12(3), 330-355. Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., Tan, M. L. (2017).Cultural intelligence. Oxford University Press. Yitmen, I. (2013). Organizational cultural intelligence: A competitive capability for strategic alliances in the international construction industry.Project Management Journal,44(4), 5-25. Youtube.com (2017), Spiers, B. (Director), Fawlty Towers, Communication Problems, Handling Complaints, Season 2 Episode 1, (1979, Feb 19). Fawlty Towers, Communication Problems, Handling Complaints, Season 2 Episode 1 (BBC Television program) Retrieved 13th October 2017 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_cDmwlbVkg

Accounting post lecture free essay sample

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE JOURNAL ENTRIES Prepare journal entries to record the following transactions: (1) On December 15, 2008, the company recorded $150,000 sales on credit. (2) On December 31, 2008, the company estimated bad debt expenses of $15,000. (3) On January 12, 2009, collect $100,000 worth of accounts receivable. (4) After many collection attempts, the Company determined on June 15, 2009 that it would not collect $10,000 in accounts receivables from Pendant Publishing. It decided to write-off this account. (5) On July 15, Pendant Publishing called to say that they have had financial problems but can afford to pay $7,000 to settle their $10,000 debt in full. Vandolay Industries agreed to these terms, and reversed $7,000 of the prior write-off. It received a $7,000 check from Pendant the next day. Post the above entries to the following T-accounts: Accounts Receivable Allowance for Doubtful Accounts HW 8 – 2 ESTIMATION AND RECORDING OF UNCOLLECTIBLE ACCOUNTS – AGING OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE METHOD Part 1 – In 2009, Vandolay reported $300,000 in sales. The company’s allowance for doubtful accounts has an unadjusted credit balance of ,000. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting post lecture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vandolay Industries accountants prepared the following Aging of Accounts Receivable: Customer Total Number of days unpaid 0-30 30-60 60-90 Over 90 Alpha Sales $ 700 $ 700 Gamma Manufacturing Co. 1,900 $ 1,900 Delta Shipping Corp. 2,200 $2,200 Epsilon Industries 6,000 $6,000 Theta Manufacturing 1,800 1,800 Zeta Industries 600 600 Other customers 136,800 88,100 26,900 9,800 12,000 Totals $150,000 $90,000 $30,000 $12,000 $18,000 Vandolay accountants believe that receivables 0-30 days old have a 2% chance of noncollection. Receivables 30-60 days old have a 4% chance of noncollection. Receivables 60-90 days old have an 8% chance of noncollection. Receivables over 90 days old have a 20% chance of noncollection. The company’s allowance for doubtful accounts has an unadjusted credit balance of $12,000. Prepare the required adjusting journal entry. Bad Debt Expense Allowance for Doubtful Accounts HW 8 – 2, CONTINUED Part 2 – Assume instead that the company’s allowance for doubtful accounts has an unadjusted debit balance of $400. Prepare the required adjusting journal entry. Bad Debt Expense Allowance for Doubtful Accounts HW 8 – 3 ESTIMATION AND RECORDING OF UNCOLLECTIBLE ACCOUNTS – PERCENTAGE OF CREDIT SALES RECEIVABLE METHOD Part 1 – In 2009, Vandolay reported $300,000 in sales. The company’s allowance for doubtful accounts has an unadjusted credit balance of $12,000. Based on prior experience, management estimates that 2.5% of sales will result in bad debts. Prepare the required adjusting journal entry. Bad Debt Expense Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Part 2 – Assume instead that the company’s allowance for doubtful accounts has an unadjusted debit balance of $400. Prepare the required adjusting journal entry. Bad Debt Expense Allowance for Doubtful Accounts HW 8 – 4 NOTES RECEIVABLE On April 1, 2008, Vandolay loans a $10,000 note to a customer opening a new store. The note, which bears 10% annual interest, becomes due on March 31, 2009. Prepare the required journal entry. Note Receivable Cash On December 31, 2008, Vandolay accrued interest for the portion of the year that the note was outstanding. Prepare the required adjusting journal entry. Interest Receivable Interest Revenue HW 8 – 4, CONTINUED On March 31, 2009, Vandolay received all interest and principal for the note. Prepare the required journal entry for the receipt of interest:. Interest Receivable Beg. Bal 750 Interest Revenue [Cash account omitted] Prepare the required journal entry for the receipt of principal. Note Receivable Beg. Bal. 10,000 [Cash account omitted]

buy custom Small Business essay

buy custom Small Business essay Small businesses are easy to start and develop as compared to large ones. A business is said to be small depending on various factors, which differ from one country to the other. In the U.S., a business is regarded as small if it has less than 500 employees. Other criteria are asset, sales and annual profits. They are vital to any countries economy through providing employment, revenue among others. The following paper is a description of the concepts, general terms and statistics of small business. It also outlines the benefits the small businesses have on the economy. I will refer to the U.S economy throughout this paper. Small Businesses A small business is a business in which ownership and operation are privately managed, and whose sales volume is relatively low. Whether a business is small, is usually determined by the number of employees, which are the same time ranges from one country to the other. In the U.S., companies with less than 500 employees are classified as small businesses. Other criteria for small business classification are net profit, assets and sales. A study in the US by Small Business Administration (SBA), indicated that 99.9% of businesses in the U.S operate with less than 500 employees, qualifying them as small businesses. Small businesses in the U.S. are quite influential in job creation nd innovation. Characteristics of small businesses Spirit of entrepreneurship- Optimism, motivation, enthusiasm and desire to succeed, characterize small businesses owners. Most are not scared about taking risks. This could be attributed to the amount of money invested as compared to large businesses. There are also favorable legislation in place which encourages the establishment of small businesses. Managerial skills- Leading, planning, organizing, controlling major business activities define management. Small business owners in most cases mostly possess only one of the managerial skills. Managerial skills are limited, especially in important areas of the business such as sales and marketing, finance, insurance, technical, and production. Funding- Small businesses suffer from limited funding, yet they need money for maximization of opportunities through financing growth. This could be attributed to lack of collateral, with securing an unsecured loan from banks being almost impossible. Benefits of small businesses to the economy Small businesses provide many job opportunities, especially due to the low skills required. In US, for instance, small businesses have employed more than half of employees in the private sector. They can be more productive relatively and can, therefore, compete with large firms in offering decent jobs. Small businesses have created more than 60% of jobs per year for the last one decade. This could be attributed to the ease of setting up a small business, with little capital needed, also cheap labor. 50% of non farm private Gross Domestic Product has been created by the small businesses. These businesses are also employers to more than 41% of high-tech workers like engineers and scientists. 45% of the total payroll of the US private sector is paid by small businesses. These businesses have their shortcomings too, the major one being lack of proper business plans. A business plan enables one to roll out the plan and strategize wisely before start a business. There are also numerous requirements from the government authorities before one set out for the business venture. The major hurdle, though, is financing the businesses. Most banks prefer to give loans to businesses that are already developed, because, as such, they have collateral. Small businesses do not have a property to give out to the banks as collateral. Conclusion Small businesses are vital to the economies of many countries, especially the developed ones. They provide employment and generate revenue contributing to the GDP. In US, for instance, small businesses generate more than half of non-farm, private gross domestic product. Buy custom Small Business essay

Education knowledge and the generation gap as per the short story a Essay

Education knowledge and the generation gap as per the short story a secret lost in water - Essay Example Although he stops short of outright ridiculing it, he instead believes that the level of learning and education that can be represented within the common rules of life and the experiences that a man can gain from working with his hands and using his mind at the same time are of a far greater benefit as compared to the â€Å"real† education that comes from experience and not theoretical understanding. Beyond merely telling a unique story, this particular plot and sub theme helps to show a level of disconnect between a generation gap in society. Ultimately, higher education is something that has only recently come to be promoted as useful for each and every individual in society. In years past, higher education was something that was seemingly reserved only for the upper echelons of the very rich were those that sought to further a specific career goal. However, within the current time, societal pressure encourages each and every individual, regardless of social stature or level of financial income to pursue higher education as a means of bettering their own life. In many ways, the†¦ Upon higher education and the importance of engaging with it has created a more educated society. However, as a means of playing the devil’s advocate, there has been a distinct loss with regards to the â€Å"common sense† that the father of this particular story seeks to promote. Du e to the fact that individuals are not out working in the real world during their early adult life, they are oftentimes insulated with regards to the commonsense understandings that they should have concerning the way in which the world operates. Ultimately, as a means of promoting education and furthering a level of understanding based upon the story that was read, it would be the recommendation of this particular student that the process of education should not only seek to impart valuable theoretical ideas and understandings with regards to the world, it

Criminal Procedure in Regards to Search and Seizure Essay

Criminal Procedure in Regards to Search and Seizure - Essay Example Through the study of the differences between two cases that set precedent for the decision of State v. Randolph (2002) in Tennessee, including California v. Hodari D. (1991) and United States v. Mendenhall (1980), these circumstances will be addressed. Also discussed within this paper will be how these decisions impact both law enforcement officers in trying to carry out the duties of their jobs, and how those same decisions can affect those with mental health conditions when faced with search and seizure circumstances. Response Paper Number One: Criminal Procedure in Regards to Search and Seizure Differences in the Decisions Between California v. Hodari D (1991) and United States v. Menedenhall (1980) In the case of State v. Randolph (2002), as reviewed in the Memphis Law Review by Brent A. Heilig, the main issue to be dealt with is, in broad terms, the search and seizure of citizens. Though this practice, according to Mr. Heilig, is supported by Article I, Section 7 of the Tennesse e State Constitution, as well as the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, it is frequently questioned and cited throughout the case. For purposes of precedent, as with most legal cases, two previously decided cases were given for comparison, United States v. Mendenhall (1980) and California v. Hodari D. (1991). ... Mendenhall (1980), the Supreme Court concluded that if a person believed they were free to leave at any time, they were not seized. This is fairly straightforward. If a person believes that they are not free to leave an area before, during, or after being detained by law enforcement, they have been seized. If they believe that they are free to leave, they are not. However, in the case of California v. Hodari D. (1991), the Supreme Court ruled that a person was not considered â€Å"seized† unless some form of physical restraint was directed at an individual by an officer, or the individual has yielded to some form of authority shown, thus introducing a subjective element. Even the wording of the California v. Hodari D. (1991) decision is subjective; while a â€Å"form of physical restraint† can be interpreted fairly easily, as law enforcement officers have such means at their disposal, the term â€Å"show of authority† cannot. It is not defined, exactly, what a sh ow of authority is, whether it is calling for a suspect to halt, activating flashing lights on a patrol car, or simply showing some form of identification as a law enforcement officer. Regardless, the main point is that if they do not submit, they are not considered seized. The second main difference highlighted between the two decisions is that instead of moving in a broader direction as far as seizure parameters were concerned, California v. Hodari D. (1991) moves in the other direction completely. As per United States v. Mendenhall (1980), all that is required to define a seizure is the belief by a person that they are not free to go. This defines a broach scope of seizure, and sets a precedent for future cases that can easily be applied. By its very nature, the phrase â€Å"not free to leave† can

Decision-Making Process Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decision-Making Process Paper - Essay Example Hence the steps that I will undertake in the wake of the decision-making process are reliant on how well I think through the different areas and how aptly driven my understandings are at the end of the day. The decision-making process that I have applied is exactly in line with the decision-making process that is present within the text. My methodology is much the same as has been outlined in the text and this makes for an interesting debate nonetheless. I have envisioned that the proper format for comprehending the decision-making process is to follow the very basics and this has been done properly through the textual instance which is provided to me in essence. There is absolutely no difference between my decision-making process and the one outlined in the text and hence there is no reason why the comparisons should come out in the open. The steps that have been taken are thus reliant on getting the job done which is indeed a better understanding of how to reach a decision in the f irst place. The decision-making process is a difficult one and it takes a lot of hard work and toil on the part of the person who ultimately reaches upon a decision. Therefore it would be viable to suggest success for an individual who wishes to give time, adequate analysis regimes and a comparison of the shortcomings within the entire decision-making process in entirety (Castellan, 1993). If the mistakes are taken care of and are removed essentially, then this will mean that the decision-making has been done correctly. It is important that the decision once reached upon is adhered to across the board as there is no analysis of a decision which has been wrongly made. However, it is a good measure to tackle a wrong decision within the decision-making process early on within this process. This can mean that the individual can put back the decision that has been done on his part on some of the occasions but the guarantee is not a must under such scenarios. The decision-making

Building Maintenance | Literature Review

Building Maintenance | Literature Review Building defects are common phenomena especially for those old residential apartments. Lack of maintenance management is one of the factors which lead to poor building condition. Despite the authorities in charge of building maintenance, the residents are also a factor contributing to poor maintenance on building. Misusing the facilities, poor management team, insufficiency of fund for maintenance, the use of poor quality material by the maintenance department, improper maintenance strategy often cause maintenance to achieve a result less than expected. Poor maintenance management will reduce the building lifespan and accelerate the deterioration process of building. Besides that, poor maintenance also will effects the condition of the building, it is also a threats to the residents, making the residents feel unsafe, cause inconvenience and bring a lot of trouble to the resident and others. Thus, this research aim is to identify the flaw of building maintenance in residential apartments, give recommendations and provide the suitable of maintenance strategy to improve the quality and conditions of the apartments. The center question in this study is to identify a suitable maintenance strategy to improve the condition of residential apartments. Along the way of research, following question will also be identified. What is the flaw of building maintenance in residential apartments? What is the reason to affect the maintenance cost? 1.3 Aim The aim of this research project is to study the building maintenance strategy in residential apartments. 1.4 Objectives In achieving the aim, four objectives have been outlined. There are: To determine the suitable of maintenance strategy to improve the quality of residential apartments. To compare the type of building maintenance strategy. To review the factor that affect maintenance cost. 1.5 Hypothesis Proper maintenance strategy can reduce the building defects, increase the monetary value of apartment and prolong the lifespan of residential apartment. 1.6 Background of the Study Building maintenance is an important activity to keep the building in good condition. Even though the buildings are seemed like wonderful or in perfect condition, there are a lot of maintenance work needed to be done in order to maintain at such condition. To preserve and prolong the life of building, maintenance is necessary to be carried out. Chudley (1981, p.1) define the maintenance as: maintenance is the act of maintaining. The Committee on Building Maintenance in British defined maintenance as: Building Maintenance is the work undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every facility, i.e every part of a building, its services and surrounds to a currently acceptable standard, and to sustain the utility and value of the building (Wood, 2009, p.3) In this research project, researcher is tending to identify the flaw of building maintenance in residential apartments and proposed the suitable maintenance strategy. The motivation to carry out this research project is a lot of tenants or residents have neglected the importance of maintenance work. Also, maintenance will affect the built environment, building lifespan, quality, safety and condition of apartments. Proper maintenance strategy plays an important role for a building. The proper maintenance strategy is able to affect the performance of maintenance. Good and poor maintenance also depends on the maintenance strategy using. The poor maintenance also caused by using the improper maintenance strategy. The poor maintenance of the residential apartment will lead to depreciation of property value, affects the condition of the building, result as a threats to the residents, making the residents feel unsafe, caused inconvenience to the residents, building efficiency drop and eventually cause the building to deteriorate rapidly than others. 1.7 Scope of the Study In order to carry out the research project, the researcher specified in residential buildings at Setapak. The nature of the building to be focus in apartment and the building will be reviewed in this research are those which were built between 1990s and early 2000s. The building maintenance of the residential apartments is to be reveal through this research project. This research focuses on the maintenance strategy of the residential apartment thus understand on the building maintenance strategies and knowledge on flaw of building maintenance are important in this case. The key words like building maintenance strategy and residential apartments will be defined at first so that the person who reads can easily understand point of the research project or dissertation. To carry out the research, it is necessary to identify flaw of building maintenance of residential apartments and proposed the suitable or proper maintenance strategy to rectify the flaw of building maintenance or improve the quality of the buildings. In addition, in this dissertation identifies the factors that affect the maintenance cost. 1.8 Research Methodology 1.8.1 Literature review To carry out a research, literature review is the most important of the research. Before carry out a research, it has to well understand of the research title and literature review. The effective information can be obtained through the books in the library, journals, internet, newspaper and others those will provide us ideas to start doing dissertation or easily to do the dissertation with refer to the books, journals and others. 1.8.2 Questionnaire One of the research methodology using in this dissertation, questionnaire will be carried out in order to get some important information from respondents. The questionnaires form will be contribute to the respondents by hands or mail. The targeted respondents are those who stay in the apartment at Setapak. The questionnaire forms can include respondents detail, satisfaction of the building facilities and efficiency, knowledge on the building defect and others. All the data collected get from respondents, it have to analyze it and discussed together with recommendations to improve the building defects or quality of the building. 1.8.3 Interview Besides that, interview also will be carry out in the research. The targeted interviewees are resident of the apartment at Setapak and the repair specialist also will be interview. For this dissertation, the informal interview will be carry out in order to finalize the conclusion and the respond of interviewee are more accurate than the questionnaire and face to face discuss the problem of the resident facing. 1.9 Chapter Outline 1.9.1 Chapter 1-Introduction Chapter 1 is introducing about research background and this chapter is including aims and objectives, problem statement, research methodology, chapter outline and others. 1.9.2 Chapter 2-Literature Review Chapter 2 is review the definition of maintenance and the importance of building maintenance. This chapter also will identify the factors of affecting building maintenance cost and let the reader understanding different types of maintenance strategies. 1.9.3 Chapter 3-Research Methodology Chapter 3 is aim to review the details of research methodology. The Literature review, questionnaire, interview is the method of carry out in this research project. In this chapter, it has to review the way of get the feedback from the respondent and what is the result. 1.9.4 Chapter 4-Data Analysis Chapter 4 is need to analyzing the data which is obtained from questionnaire. It needs to analyses the problem of maintenance management in residential apartments. 1.9.5 Chapter 5-Conclusion and Recommendations Chapter 5 is to provide the conclusion of the whole research project and recommend the importance of building maintenance in residential apartments. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Title 1.2 Problem Statement 1.3 Aims and objectives 1.4 Background 1.5 Scope of Study 1.6 Research Methodology 1.7 Chapter Outline Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Definition 2.3 Importance of building maintenance 2.4 Factor affect the building maintenance cost 2.5 Types of building maintenance strategies 2.6 The comparison of maintenance strategies 2.7 Selection of maintenance strategy 2.8 Maintenance management decision diagram Table 0 Plan and actual schedule Based to the table above, I was late to confirm the research title that is because I was confusing on the various tiles that I have found. To get back the progress that I was planning, I was tried to confirm the tile on Week 4. After that, there is also late to done the work in Chapter One. Within that delay period, I have a presentation and a lot of assignment need to submit. Also, I was having twice time amendment on Chapter One. During Week 9, I was realized that was very late to start the work in Chapter Two. To resolve this problem, I was try to spending more time to do the research and I was try to finished the introduction, definition and importance of building maintenance and factor affect the building maintenance cost. During Week 9 to Week 12, I was try my best to match back the planned schedule and I was get help who is my supervisor in doing the work in Chapter 2. He is giving a lot recommendation to give me a direction to done the proposal and final draft. Finally, I was done my work on Week 12 and I was submitting my final draft on Week 13. Chapter 2.0 Literature review 2.1 Introduction This chapter reviews the types of building maintenance strategy. The definition and the importance of maintenance also will be identified in this chapter. Besides that, this chapter will identify the factor affecting the building maintenance cost and maintenance management decision diagram. 2.2 Definition of Building Maintenance The maintenance term was comes from the French verb maintenir, which means to hold, retain, prolong or preserve the building or structure to an acceptable standard. Chudley (1981, p.1) defines the maintenance is the act of maintaining, many people are misunderstanding the maintenance is equal with repair. In the act of maintaining repairs or replacement may well be necessary but the main objectives of all maintenance procedures is to prevent as far as practicable the need to repair or replace the structure, furnishings, services, equipment or fittings which collectively make up the total environment of any building (Chudley, 1981, p.1). According to BS 3811: 1964 defines maintenance as a combination of any actions carried out to retain an item in, or restore it, to an acceptable condition (Lee, 1981, p.9). Wood (2009, p.4) defines maintenance as keeping an item at a certain level or of restoring it that position of acceptability, although it does not identify who it is that determines the acceptability condition. Besides that, the Building Maintenance Committee in British recommended the following definition: Work undertaken in order to keep, restore or improve every facility, i.e every part of a building, its services and surrounds, to a currently accepted standard and to sustain the utility and value of the facility (Lee, 1981, p.10). In conclusion, the main objectives of building maintenance is to keep the building in perfect condition and ensure that the condition of the buildings meets all statutory requirements by regularly checking or repairing it when failure occurs so that the building can be continued perform in term of acceptable standard. 2.3 The importance of Building Maintenance Most people are unlikely to carry out maintenance work and they have neglected the importance of maintenance work. There are many good reasons for carry out the maintenance work. For example, maintenance can be preserving our building, prolong the buildings life, reducing the deterioration process of the building, provide a safe environment and maintaining buildings appearance. In the economic sense, maintenance can reduce the major repair projects. Under some circumstances, repairs works can be costly than maintenance work in terms of finances. Thus, it is better to carry out the maintenance work than extending the period of repairs work. For an example, the routine cleaning of the gutter and drains is cheaper and less convenient than having to cope with a serious outbreak of dry rot in timber roof trusses which is neglect for many years. The appropriate routine management and maintenance will minimize the need for larger repairs or it is the most economical way of sustaining an ass et (Beehive, 2010). Besides that, maintenance will also ensure the safety of the building or to person (Jeff, 2008). For instance, maintenance of building fire safety installations. Fire safety installations must be capable performing in standard level to ensure the safety of the building and building users or occupants. Fire safety installations are including fire extinguisher, fire doors, fire hydrants, fire hose reels, emergency lighting and smoke detectors (Queensland Government, n.d). In addition, maintenance also can provide opportunities for employment. Some of the maintenance works are required repair specialist or maintenance professionals to carry out the maintenance or repair works. For example, cleaning high-level gutters may require specially trained personnel or equipment to carry out the work or some of the maintenance or repair work need a lot of repair specialist to carry out the work therefore it provide a opportunities to earn a living (Beehive, 2010). 2.4 The factors that affecting building maintenance cost This research project is to identify the factors that affecting building maintenance cost because the issue of continuous increasing in building maintenance cost is often discussed. In order to solve the problem of increasing in building maintenance cost, building management team should adapt some strategies by reduce or minimizing the number of maintenance activities (Azlan Shah Ali, 2010). Besides that, building maintenance costs increase and decrease will be affected due to the various factors. For examples, designer is fails to comply with the specifications and standard also is a factors that influence the building maintenance cost. (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003) 2.4.1 Design The complexity of the building design will increase the difficulty in maintenance work. Regular cleaning and minor repair work can be carried out easily to avoid major replacement of building component. For example, some of the maintenance requires some tools to be performed. If the designer fails to allow enough space for the tools to execute maintenance work, it will cause minor problem become major problem (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). The building design also including the building height, area and size. The high rise building is need the additional costs for the equipment and tools used to carry out the maintenance works. For instance, when carry out the maintenance works at high rise buildings such as window cleaning, painting work, repairs work and other external works is need scaffolding (Azlan Shah Ali, 2010). Besides that, some of the building defects are caused by improper structural design such as designer is neglected the spacing for contraction and expansion which movement will cause joint of the wall cracking (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.2 Poor Quality Control Quality control program is essential and important during the maintenance and construction stages. That program is used to control, check and test of activities due to the contract requirement and construction procedures. An effective quality control program will reduce the occurrence of building defects therefore maintenance work will be reduce accordingly. During the maintenance stages, the quality control program is essential to ensure that which component is required to maintain or might not need to maintain (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.3 Lack knowledge of maintenance strategy Improper maintenance strategy is caused by the designer or maintenance management team lack in knowledge of maintenance strategy. Improper using maintenance strategy might not be increase the cost of the particular work but it might be affected on the long-term durability of the building and the cost of maintenance (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.4 Unfamiliarity with local and site condition The designer should know the building location, type of plants, environment condition and insects existing around of the building. For example, if the designers realized that surround of the building have many plants and those plants might have termite or white-ants, it can be provide a suitable maintenance strategy to avoid termite attack. In addition, designer also should be familiar with buildings site condition such as soil condition. For example, poor soil condition might affect the building shrinking and causes the structural elements start cracking (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.5 Improper diagnosis The maintenance management team is failure to identify the main and true causes of the defect and it will affect the decision on decide the maintenance strategy. Besides that, improper diagnosis will affect the maintenance cost. This is because improper diagnosis will worsen the condition of the building therefore it is require a lot of maintenance or repair works to repair it (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.6 Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Life cycle cost (LCC) is the total relevant costs over the life of a system including cost of operation, maintenance, acquisition, disposal and modification for the purpose of making decision (Shear, 1993). LCC takes into account firstly and other costs (total cost of operation and maintenance of a system) over a buildings life. During the buildings life period, it helps in the determination of how the owners money distributed. Moreover, it was to determine of meeting a need of space with the most economic way. Besides that, it was also assisting in developing the most economic plan shape, structural form and internal layout. The greater saving and lowering the committed cost if LCC is applied earlier. LCC is used to identify which have the lowest total cost of design feature, components and finishing. And, it also identifies high cost areas and evaluates changes that will reduce these costs (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.7 Labour Unskilled labours such as foreign labour will failure to carry out the maintenance work and it is also will increasing the maintenance cost if they have not performing well in maintenance work. It is because they are lack in experience, knowledge and skills to perform well of the maintenance work. Therefore, employ a skilled labour is better than employ unskilled labour. Skilled labour will help to minimizing maintenance cost and improve the quality of work (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.8 Material selection Material selection in the early design stage also is the one of the factors will be influence the maintenance cost. Once the selection of materials is failure or select wrong materials it is required high maintenance cost to repair or replace the existing building components (Azlan Shah Ali, 2010). The selection of poor or bad quality of materials will cause failure of the materials and deterioration occurred in the building components, which will require replacement or more maintenance tasks in the future. To minimize future expenses during maintenance stage, selection of materials should be according to the performance specification requirements of the building (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.9 Misusing materials The misconception of using cheap materials will minimize or reduce the maintenance cost. Those cheap and bad quality materials will cause building deterioration, which will require more maintenance or repairs work to be carry out. It will be more costly to carry out the repair, replacement and maintenance work (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.10 Fluctuation of Material Prices The most common of factors that affecting the maintenance cost is fluctuation of material prices such as cement, steel bar and etc. it might be increasing the material prices and also decreasing the material prices but usually is increasing (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.11 Climate change Some of the building material will have chemical reaction when the climate was change. For example, acid rain wills accelerate the deterioration process of some building materials. Thus, there are some maintenance or remedial action need to be carry out (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.12 Unqualified Maintenance Contractor To ensure the maintenance work can be performing effectively, the well-experiences maintenance contractors are very important. A good maintenance contractor should be good in analyzing the maintenance cost and analyze which maintenance strategy is most economical way to carry out the maintenance work or which is the most suitable maintenance strategy can be using (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).. Besides that, those of the unqualified maintenance contractor or operator are lack of training which could cause to poor operating and maintenance practices (Azlan Shah Ali, 2010). 2.4.13 Age of the building According to Skinner (1982), Slater (1982) and ONeill (1974), the age of the building or property also could be influencing the maintenance cost. When the age of a building increase, the maintenance cost also will increase accordingly. Some of the maintenance works such as replacement of new roof tiles, painting work, and other works are required to carry out because these maintenance works is to ensure the sustainability of building while the building age is increasing (Azlan Shah Ali, 2010). Besides that, the building components have their expected life, if the building components life is over than the expected life, it is better to demolish it or replace it. This is because the maintenance cost might be higher than the cost spending on demolished or replacement (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003).. 2.4.14 Poor management A good maintenance management can be an effective tool or equipment for achieving a high standard of maintenance work and it can reduce the maintenance works and costs. According to Horner et al. (1997), the maintenance management is required to reduce or minimize the repair works on building defect (Azlan-Shah Ali, 2010). Without maintenance management, it will lead to failure maintenance work, time consuming and cumbersome. Therefore, maintenance management is requiring formulating long term strategic plan to meet those needs. 2.4.15 Poor financial management The building owners are require to preparing the annual budgets which budgets is enough financial support for maintenance work. Without financial support for maintenance work required, maintenance works require to carry out will not be perform properly and building will not maintained properly (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.16 User neglected importance of maintenance work Building users are often misunderstanding that there is not their responsibility to keeping the building in good condition and facility therefore they are taking no action or neglected the maintenance work. As time passes, it will lead to the buildings start to deteriorate. Therefore, they require additional maintenance cost to carry out large repair or maintenance work to cope the deterioration of the building. Therefore, it is better that they are intention to carry out the maintenance work before the building is deteriorated (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.17 Misuse of building after construction is complete Some of building users or owners is misusing the buildings and its components in proper way after the building construction is completed. There are causing the building components are needs to repair and it is also would be costly for those repairs work (Jalal, 2003). In order to minimized this problem, the introducing of property operating manuals and regulation, and educating occupants and users are need to be carry out (Azlan-Shah Ali, 2010) 2.4.18 Behavior and attitude of users The bad attitudes of building users are often misusing the facility and services of the building and vandalism by building user will cause to damage and defects on building components. It would be costly to repair for those damages (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.4.19 Improper Maintenance Strategy Improper maintenance strategy also will be affected the cost of maintenance. For example, a building elements are require to using the preventive maintenance strategy but they are using corrective maintenance strategy therefore it is more costly to carry out the maintenance (Jalal A. Al-Khatam, 2003). 2.5 The types of Buildings Maintenance Strategies According to Chudley (1980, p.110), defines maintenance as any work undertaken in order to keep or restore every part of a building to an acceptable standard. The types of maintenance activities which are require achieving this objective. It can be categorized as planned and unplanned maintenance. Those of the maintenance strategies are provide options to decide which maintenance strategy will be decide to use, it should be make sure that those alternative decisions are available to management in maintaining a building. Besides that, it is also need to depend on the failure elements condition then decide a maintenance strategy to repair or replace it. During making decision to select maintenance strategy, it must be consider which maintenance strategy is more efficiency (Chudley, 1981). Figure 0 Types of Maintenance Source: (Abdul-Mohsen Al- Hammad, n.d) 2.5.1 Planned Maintenance is defined the planned maintenance is the maintenance work have been planned, organized and execute with forethought, control and the use of records to a predetermined plan (Abdul-Mohsen Al- Hammad, n.d). Besides that, planned maintenance can be used to overcome the disadvantages of corrective maintenance and emergency maintenance. It is commonly referred to the schedule system which is require consider time, cost and quality. Planned maintenance is including preventive maintenance. 2.5.1.1 Preventive Maintenance (PM) In this maintenance strategy, the building components, elements, facilities and services are subjected to a regular schedule of maintenance tasks, such as cleaning, inspections, adjustments, inspections, and others. The maintenance tasks are carried out at fixed intervals to reduce building deteriorated or to ensure the building is in good condition (RDH Building Enginerring Ltd, n.d). Besides that, the disadvantages of corrective maintenance can be overcome by preventive maintenance. Preventive maintenance also will reduce the probability of occurrence of failure or defects and avoiding sudden failure. This maintenance strategy is referred to as time-based maintenance, planned maintenance or cyclic maintenance. Preventive maintenance tasks are performed in accordance with a predetermined plan at regular, fixed intervals, which may be based for example on operating time (IMSS Security Services, 2011). Preventive maintenance has various advantages over the corrective maintenance. The preventive maintenance tasks are providing several advantages, those are shown as below (Au Wai Hoe, 2008): The equipment will perform more efficiently. Preserve and prolong the life of the building. Reduce and avoid the occurrence of failure. Save potential energy and prevent energy will go to waste. The preventive maintenance cost is more economical than the corrective maintenance cost. The following are the disadvantages of preventive maintenance. Unnecessary task will be carried out even thought the building components are in good condition. The elements which are required remained in a safe and acceptable condition for long time; it will be carried out a large amount of unnecessary tasks. Very demanding in terms of spare parts and labour. Although the preventive maintenance work is carried out, failures are still likely to occur because it was human error during the implementation of the maintenance works. In addition, there are some of the advantages of preventive over corrective maintenance as shown as below: It will not make the building users inconvenient while execute maintenance work because maintenance can be planned ahead and performed when it is convenient to the users. Avoiding the cost of consequential damage can be reduced the maintenance cost. It can be minimized the downtime which is the time that an element of the building or whole of the building is out of services, so that the habitability of the building can be increased. Improved health and safety of the building users. 2.5.1.1.1 Condition-based maintenance This maintenance strategy work is performing in response to an acceptable deterioration in a unit as indicated by a change monitored parameter of the units condition or performance. The reason for carrying out the maintenance work is the condition of building elements has been change or deterioration, and the optimal time to execute maintenance works is determined by monitoring the actual state of the system, its performance or other condition parameters. Its concept recognizes that the main reason for carrying out maintenance is due to change in condition or performance of an item. Before a major failure occurs, to identify the element or equipments requires maintenance which is condition-based maintenance tasks. This maintenance tasks is planned by good monitoring to the buildings elements and service equipment. To make this strategy perform or works effectively, it is need to monitoring the condition of the building components or item. Those monitoring works is to identify whether there is any evidence of change from a normal to abnormal condition. This maintenance can be carried out by selecting the factor which can be best described the item and monitoring changes using suitable condition monitoring tools. Condition measurement can be change from a simple inspection or visual check to more advanced assessment by using variety of condition monitoring tools and techniques (IMSS Security Services, 2011). 2.5.2 Unplanned maintenance Unplanned maintenance works is executed without predetermined planning. In this strategy, the maintenance work is carried out after a failure has occurred (Abdul-Mohsen Al-Hammad n.d). The repair works of the unplanned maintenance is the restoration of an item to an acceptable state or level through replacing, renewing and mending damaged parts. Unplanned maintenance cost is more costly than planned maintenance cost. Besides that, unplanned maintenance includes corrective and emergency maintenance. 2.5.2.1 Corrective maintenance Corrective maintenance is the simplest types of maintenance strategy, where a building element is used until it cannot perform or breaks down. It covers all activities, including replacement, repair and renew of a building element that has failed to a point at which it cannot perform its required function or cannot carry out the services. This maintenance strategy is carried out the work after a failure or defects has occurred and intended to restore an item to an acceptable state to perform its required func

E-Journals--Inside and Out :: E-Publishing

E-Journals--Inside and Out SDI stands for the Selective Dissemination of Information in the field of Library and Information Science. The editor of this column on E-Journals has been a practicing academic reference librarian since 1983. Lynn C. Westney is an Associate Professor and a Reference Librarian at the University of Illinois at Chicago. In this column she selectively disseminates international information on the contents of freely accessible (no subscription required), e-journals, e-newsletters, and other e-publications. On occasion, relevant Web sites are included. The Journal of the Association for History and Computing, JAHC, has as its focus the applications of computer and other electronic technologies into the historical profession which is interdisciplinary in several areas. The applications of new technologies, particularly within academe, have been the focus of research by scholars in many disciplines, especially in all aspects of education, history, library and information science, and philosophy. These applications are interdisciplinary rather than discipline-specific. Historians must be open and receptive to the ideas presented in other journals and in other fields. Thus, an additional purpose of this column is to present to the readers of JAHC, the issues, controversies, and trends which are impacting interdisciplinary research within history and computing and allied disciplines as evidenced within current electronic publications. Professor Westney brings to our attention a diversity of global e-publications of interest to historians and scholars from other disciplines by providing a brief descriptive and evaluative annotation of each publication she has chosen for inclusion. Through highlighting individual articles this effort serves as an introductory vehicle for the selective dissemination of information for the members of AAHC, JAHC, and others who visit our Web site. Commentary and queries concerning this column should be addressed to: lynnhatt@uic.edu E-Journals and Electronic Publications Entries are listed in alphabetical order by e-title. PART I: SPECIAL FEATURE: ELECTRONIC RESOURCES FROM AND ABOUT IRELAND ARCHway http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/ARCHway.html The archaeology journal holdings of over 20 UK university, museum, and private libraries have been united to create one searchable resource. To search across the entire resource, click on the journal locator button. To browse the A-Z list of over 2,000 titles, click on the A-Z list button. Citations to articles and abstracts are provided free of charge, although full-text of the articles is not provided. Australian Law Librarian http://www.allg.asn.au/current_all.htm#current_issue Vol. 12, No. 3, â€Å"Rejoyce Dublin 2004: Revived Copyrights and Public Exhibitions,† by Matthew Rimmer. This article considers the impact of the copyright term extension upon public exhibitions in libraries and cultural institutions focusing upon the legal action taken by the Joyce Estate to prevent the staging of â€Å"Rejoyce Dublin 2004:, a festival celebrating the centenary of Bloomsday.

Accounting Firm Case Essay

Case 1: Sunrise bank recently appointed the accounting firm Smith, Godfroy, and Hannaford as the bank’s auditor. Sunrise quickly became one of Smith, Godfroy, and Hannaford’s largest clients. Subject to banking regulations, Sunrise must provide for any expected losses on notes receivable that Sunrise may not collect in full. During the course of the audit, Smith, Godfroy, and Hannaford determined that three large notes receivable of Sunrise seem questionable. Smith, Godfroy, and Hannaford discussed these loans with Susan Carter, controller of Sunrise. Carter assured the auditors that these notes were good and that issuers of these notes will be able to pay their notes after the economy improves. Smith, Godfroy and Hannaford stated that Sunrise must record a loss for a portion of these notes receivable to account for the likelihood that Sunrise may never collect their full amount. Carter objected and threatened to dismiss Smith, Godfroy, and Hannaford if the auditor demands that the bank record the loss. Smith, Godfroy, and Hannaford want to keep Sunrise as a client. In fact, Smith, Godfroy, and Hannaford were counting on the revenue from the Sunrise audit to finance an expansion of the auditing firm. See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay Discussion questions: 1. What is the ethical issue in this situation? 2. What are the alternative decisions for Smith, Godfroy and Hannaford to consider? 3. Who are the stakeholders in this situation? what are the possible consequences to each stakeholder? Analyze from the following standpoints: (a) economic, (b) legal, and (c) ethical. 4. If you were the auditor, what would you do? How would you justify your decision? Case 2: St Genevieve Petroleum Company is an independent oil producer in Baton Parish, Louisiana. In February, company geologists discovered a pool of oil that tripled the company’s oil reserves. Prior to disclosing the new oil reserves to the public, St. Genevieve quietly bought most of its shares back from current shareholders. After the announcement of the discovery of new oil reserves, the company’s share price increased from $6 to $27. Discussion questions: 1. What is the ethical issue in this situation? 2. Who are the stakeholders? what are the possible consequences to each stakeholder? Analyze from the following standpoints: (a) economic, (b)Â  legal, and (c) ethical. 3. Place yourself in the role of decision maker. What decision would you have made? Case 3: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the most discussed and debated topic in today’s business environment. Various arguments have been made regarding the relationship between firms’ social responsibility and their financial performance. One view is that firms face a tradeoff between social responsibility and financial performance. The contrasting view is that CSR improves firms’ financial performance ensuing in win-win model. The Baltazar, a chemical company, is considering whether it should maintain several socially responsible actions such as establishing environmental protection procedures, making extensive charitable contributions, promoting community development plans, and maintaining plants in economically depressed locations. The CFO of Baltazar opposes such actions as he believes these actions deviate from the company’s economic goal and they will negatively affect the company’s financial performance. Discussion questions: 1. Explain your view of the social responsibility. 2. What are the potential costs (benefits) of having a low (high) level of social reasonability to a company? 3. Do you think the company should continue or dis-continue these socially responsible actions?

Little Women essays

Little Women essays Zlata's Diary is a book about a young girl's life during a war in Sarajevo. As the book begins, Zlata Filipovic is a normal little girl going to school and having fun. She has lots of friends, does well in school, has a wonderful family life, and is as happy as any little girl could want to be. Slowly, throughout the book, things start to get worse. She starts out talking about her grades and how happy she had been with school, and how the biggest of her worries is that she is sick on her birthday. Then she moves on to talk about the war in Dunbrovnik and how she is praying for them. Slowly, the war starts to move to Sarajevo. The book goes from, "I am tired, but happy," to, "My life is one of no electricity, no water, no gas, no school which isn't school, rice, macaroni, a bit of green beans from Meleca's garden, the occasional sweets, my piano, and of course you, Mimmy." I really enjoyed the begining of the book, but I felt that after awhile it was the same thing over, and over again. For example, June 23, "The electricity went out at eight o'clock last night." July 7, "There was no water yesterday, or the day befor, or the day befor that."She goes on to say the same thing repetitivly only days later and throughout the whole book. I think the book would have been better for younger kids. I think kids that were more around Zlata's age could have related to her better. I was also dissapointed about the emotion she had, To explain that she was sad she would simply say, "Boo-Hoo." Her friends would die ir her family members would leave and that was the only emotion she would express. She didn't really write how she felt in a way we could relate to. I think, if she would have had more emotion, and also not so much repetitive writing, we ...